Elements of glass and glass making by Biser Benjamin F. (Benjamin Franklin) 1868-1928 & Koch J. A. (Julius Arnold) b. 1864

Author:Biser, Benjamin F. (Benjamin Franklin), 1868-1928 & Koch, J. A. (Julius Arnold), b. 1864
Language: eng
Format: epub
Tags: Glass manufacture
Publisher: Pittsburgh, Pa., Glass and pottery publishing company
Published: 1899-03-25T05:00:00+00:00

BOTTLE GLASS. Bottle Glass Analyses.

Kind of Glass.

French 1

Sauvigny... J St. Etienne...

Epinac

Sevres

Clichy

Bohemian.. 1 Champagne j Champagne..

German

German. ...

Russian

Russian

Analysts.

Berthier ...

Berthier.... Berthier. ...

Dumas

Dumas

Manmeno .. Maumeno .. Benrath

Benrath

Benrath .... Benrath....

Sosqul

Oxldo

of Iron.

Alumina

4.00

3.80 4.40 5.74 6.20

8.90 6.10 2.58 0.73 5.90 2.40

8.00

10.40 6.80 6.01

14.00

2.10 1.16 2.58 0.73 5.90 2.40

H agnosia.

7.00

By bottle glass is generally meant the common grades of glass used principally in the manufacture of bottles ; as green, or amber colored varieties.

The so-called "lime flint" bottle glass figures largely at the present day in the bottle industry ; in fact the past decade has wrought a revolution, in so far as to give flint glass bottles much prestige. For a long time flint glass bottles were regarded with disfavor, inasmuch as their cost alone excluded them from the beer and soda water trade, to say nothing of the current belief rife among the bottling fraternity that flint glass lacked the strength and resistance of green glass ; and that the liquid contents of a flint glass bottle were seriously impaired in strength and in color by the,action of light, which a green or amber bottle excluded, and thus protected its contents. But these objections have been nominally overcome, especially the first, as the price of raw materials necessary for flint bottle glass is such that there is but little difference in the first cost, considering quality. Strength and resistance are acquired in glass by proportionate quantities of raw materials, proper melting and careful annealing, and the deteriorating effects of light are not considered serious. Without doubt flint glass bottles command favor ; and even much of the green bottle glass of the present day assumes a similarity to flint which in many cases leaves a difference in color difficult to determine. Improved furnaces, decolorizers, purity of materials, etc., make such possible, and competition demands it.

Regarding any glass intended for bottles, it is well to remember that competition augments economy, and much discretion must be exercised to combine economy and stability. Regarding stability, it is well to keep in mind that resistance to corrosion

and strength increases in proportion with the amount of sand melted—the product also cheapens accordingly—but difficulty of fusion is increased in proportion ; and what is true in regard to sand is just the reverse with regard to the alkaline bases as in proportion with increase in alkali, is resistance decreased, fusion facilitated, and cost increased. Alumina increases resistance, but in excess renders glass liable to devitrification. Lime improves polish and brilliance, hardens the product, and aids resistance, but retards fusion when used in excess. Difficulty of fusion increases generally with decrease of solvents. Resistance also decreases with increase of cullet.

Regarding economy, cheap grades of sand can be used in the ordinary green and amber glasses ; the iron and alumina always present in impure sand are not objectionable, as both are frequently added purposely. Salt cake furnishes a cheap solvent, but for reasons stated elsewhere, all traces of salt water must be removed before coloring oxides are added. Zaffre for blue, manganese for

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